S. J. Buiter, A. Y. Babeyko, S. Ellis, T. V. Gerya, B. J. Kaus et al., The numerical sandbox: comparison of model results for a shortening and an extension experiment, Analogue and Numerical Modelling of Crustal-Scale Processes, pp.29-64, 2006.
DOI : 10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.02

N. Cubas, Y. M. Leroy, and B. Maillot, Prediction of thrusting sequences in accretionary wedges, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.98, issue.B8, pp.10-1029, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2008JB005717

F. A. Dahlen, Noncohesive critical Coulomb wedges: An exact solution, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.11, issue.B12, pp.125-10133, 1984.
DOI : 10.1029/JB089iB12p10125

S. G. Erickson and W. R. Jamison, Viscous-plastic finite-element models of fault-bend folds, Journal of Structural Geology, vol.17, issue.4, pp.561-573, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0191-8141(94)00082-B

S. G. Erickson, L. M. Strayer, and J. Suppe, Initiation and reactivation of faults during movement over a thrust-fault ramp: numerical mechanical models, Journal of Structural Geology, vol.23, issue.1, pp.11-23, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0191-8141(00)00074-2

G. Gonzáles, M. Gerbault, J. Martinod, J. Cembrano, D. Carrizo et al., Crack formation on top of propagating reverse faults of the Chuculay Fault System, northern Chile: Insights from field data and numerical modelling, Journal of Structural Geology, vol.30, issue.6, pp.791-808, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jsg.2008.02.008

W. Hafner, STRESS DISTRIBUTIONS AND FAULTING, Stress distributions and faulting, pp.373-398, 1951.
DOI : 10.1130/0016-7606(1951)62[373:SDAF]2.0.CO;2

R. Hill, The Mathematical Theory of Plasticity, 1950.

H. A. Koyi and B. Maillot, Tectonic thickening of hanging-wall units over a ramp, Journal of Structural Geology, vol.29, issue.6, pp.924-932, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jsg.2007.02.014
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00146266

K. Krabbenhøft, A. V. Lyamin, and S. W. Sloan, Formulation and solution of some plasticity problems as conic programs, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.44, issue.5, pp.1533-1549, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.06.036

F. K. Lehner, Comments on ???Noncohesive critical Coulomb wedges: An exact solution??? by F. A. Dahlen, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.89, issue.B1, pp.793-796, 1986.
DOI : 10.1029/JB091iB01p00793

L. Pichon, X. , P. Henry, and S. Lallemant, Accretion and Erosion in Subduction Zones: The Role of Fluids, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, vol.21, issue.1, pp.307-331, 1993.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.ea.21.050193.001515

Y. M. Leroy and N. N. Triantafyllidis, Folding and localized faulting in a frictional, cohesive overburden resting over a viscous substratum, Aspects of Tectonic Faulting, pp.109-139, 2000.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00112279

B. Maillot and H. Koyi, Thrust dip and thrust refraction in fault-bend folds: analogue models and theoretical predictions, Journal of Structural Geology, vol.28, issue.1, pp.36-49, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jsg.2005.10.001
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00068294

B. Maillot and Y. M. Leroy, Optimal dip based on dissipation of back thrusts and hinges in fold-and-thrust belts, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.9, issue.5, pp.232010-1029, 2003.
DOI : 10.1029/2002JB002199

B. Maillot and Y. M. Leroy, Kink-fold onset and development based on the maximum strength theorem, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol.54, issue.10, pp.2030-2059, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmps.2006.04.004
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00068536

B. Maillot, C. Barnes, J. Mengus, and J. Daniel, Constraints on friction coefficients by an inverse analysis of sand box thrust dips, Journal of Structural Geology, vol.29, issue.1, pp.117-128, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jsg.2006.07.013
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00146264

R. Mourgues and P. R. Cobbold, Some tectonic consequences of fluid overpressures and seepage forces as demonstrated by sandbox modelling, Tectonophysics, vol.376, issue.1-2, pp.75-97, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00348-2

H. Odé, Faulting as a velocity discontinuity in plastic deformation, in Rock Deformation, Geol. Soc. Am, vol.79, pp.293-321, 1960.

K. Olsen, R. Madariaga, and R. Archuleta, Three-Dimensional Dynamic Simulation of the 1992 Landers Earthquake, Three dimensional dynamic simulation of the 1992 Landers earthquake, pp.834-838, 1997.
DOI : 10.1126/science.278.5339.834

M. Ortiz, Y. Leroy, and A. Needleman, A finite element method for localized failure analysis, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol.61, issue.2, pp.189-214, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0045-7825(87)90004-1

G. Peltzer, P. Rosen, F. Rogez, and K. Hudnut, Postseismic Rebound in Fault Step-Overs Caused by Pore Fluid Flow, Science, vol.273, issue.5279, pp.1202-1204, 1996.
DOI : 10.1126/science.273.5279.1202

J. W. Rudnicki and J. R. Rice, Conditions for the localization of deformation in pressure-sensitive dilatant materials, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol.23, issue.6, pp.371-394, 1975.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-5096(75)90001-0

J. Salençon, Théorie de la plasticité pour les applications a ` la mécanique des sols, Eyrolles, Paris. (English translation, Applications of the Theory of Plasticity in Soil Mechanics, 1974.

J. Salençon, De l'e ´lasto-Plasticité au Calcul a ` la Rupture, E ´ cole Polytech, 2002.

S. Sciamanna, W. Sassi, R. Gambini, J. L. Rudkiewicz, F. Mosca et al., Predicting hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in the southern Apennines Thrust Belt by 2D integrated structural and geochemical modeling: Part I -Structural and thermal evolution, in Deformation , Fluid Flow, and Reservoir Appraisal in Foreland Fold and Thrust Belts, pp.51-67, 2004.

P. Souloumiac and A. Modaressi, Comparison between Finite Element Method and Equilibrium Element Method to predict stress field in fault-bend folds, 12th International Conference of the International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, 2008.

J. Suppe, Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding, American Journal of Science, vol.283, issue.7, pp.684-721, 1983.
DOI : 10.2475/ajs.283.7.684

A. Yin, Mechanics of wedge-shaped fault blocks: 1. An elastic solution for compressional wedges, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.13, issue.B8, pp.245-14256, 1993.
DOI : 10.1029/93JB00555

R. Zoetemeijer and W. Sassi, 2D reconstruction of thrust evolution using the fault-bend fold method, Thrust Tectonics, pp.133-140, 1992.

Y. M. Leroy, C. Laboratoire-de-géologie, and E. Cole-normale-supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France. (leroyy@geologie. ens.fr) B. Maillot, vol.33, issue.950111