Abstract : Generallyspeaking,charcoalanalysisisbasedonidentifyingandcountingcharcoalfragmentsinordertocalculatetherelativevariationsintaxafrequency.Allpost-depositionalprocessesarelikelytoinducefragmentationoftheanthracologicalmaterial,raisingthequestionoftherepresentativenessoftaxa.Basedonaninnovativeexperimentalapproachcombiningbothcharcoalanalysisandbiomechanics,thispaperexploreshowthemechanicalpropertiesofcharcoalcaninfluencethefragmentationandthequantificationofspeciesinanthracologicalassemblages.Wecarriedoutstandardizedlaboratorycompressiontestson302samplesissuedfrom10taxa,charredatthreedifferenttemperatures,inordertocharacterizethemechanicalpropertiesofcommonspeciesintemperateandMediterraneanEurope.Ourresultshighlightthedifferentialresponsesofthetestedspeciesintermsofresistancetocompressionandfragmentation,twoprocesseswhichdonotappeartobecorrelated.Charcoalisveryresistanttopressure(upto22.5MPa).Ourresultsshowthatsignificantfragmentationdifferencesexistbetweentaxa.Thetotalnumberoffragmentsaftercompressionislargelydependentonthespecies,regardlessofthecharringtemperature.However,thisinterspecificvariabilityismoresignificantforsmallfragments[1e2mm],thanforlargerfragments[2e4mm]and>4mm,withtheexceptionofQuercus,whichdisplaysdifferentialreactionstocompression.Finally,amultifactorialanalysisbringstolighttheimpactofthephysicalandanatomicalcharacteristicsofthedifferentspeciesoncharcoalfragmentation