Model based analysis of a massive development of electric vehicle in the Paris Ile de France Region
Résumé
The European Union’s energy and environmental strategy simultaneously pursues several operational objectives such as efficiency increase, renewable sources, greenhouse gases mitigation, and internal market expansion. They are declined for the transport sector in specific initiatives such as the 61 to 74% GHG mitigation target compared to 1990 proposed in the EU 2050 energy roadmap. To meet these ambitions electric vehicles have hence been increasingly promoted because they provide an appropriate technological answer to oil dependency, flexibility since many energy carriers can be converted to electricity, end-use energy efficiency, and transport related greenhouse gases and air pollutants. Yet evaluating concrete transitions of transport system towards sustainability is a more complex task due to the fundamentally transversal nature of mobility both as a core societal aspiration, a major energy consumer, and a field where efforts to mitigate environmental impacts need to be increased. For electric vehicle their integration in both local electricity network constraints and local mobility patterns is hence an important research question. The work proposed here was performed within the EV-STEP project funded under the Electromobility plus research program. It focuses on the impacts of electric vehicle on regional mobility and electric systems. The Paris Ile de France region which is our case study has an ambitious objective of 400 000 electric vehicles by 2020 in line with the target of 2 million for France as whole. The impact of this deployment on demand for power (15mn time step), charging behaviors, the availability of fast charging or standard charging stations and their interaction with changing car usage patterns are discussed using a modeling platform.