LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT APPLIED TO URBAN PROJECTS
Résumé
Cities contribute to a large extent to anthropogenic environmental impacts, and their population is growing. Sustainability requires to provide suitable spaces for dwelling and working, while preserving resources, human health, biodiversity and climate. In this context, the aim of our work is to better understand the systemic links between decisions made by urban designers and consequences like emissions of pollutants and related impacts. Urban developments are complex systems including many interacting elements: buildings, outside spaces, networks, and occupants. Temporal and spatial transfer of pollution should be avoided, as well as replacing some impacts by others (e.g. emitting less greenhouse gases but increasing health problems). Such complex issues are generally addressed using qualitative approaches. But the importance of risks would justify more efforts towards a more rational decision making process. The objective is then to develop tools helping such a process.