Validation of an all-sky imager-based nowcasting system for industrial PV plants

Pascal Kuhn (1) , Bijan Nouri (1) , Stefan Wilbert (1) , Christoph Prahl (1) , Nora Kozonek (1) , Thomas C. Schmidt (2) , Zeyad Yasser (3) , Lourdes Ramírez (4) , Luis Zarzalejo (4) , Angela Meyer (5) , Laurent Vuilleumier (5) , Detlev Heinemann (6) , Philippe Blanc (7) , Robert Pitz-Paal (1)

1 DLR - German Aerospace Center
2 Hamburg University of Applied Sciences [Hamburg]
3 TSK FLAGSOL
4 CIEMAT - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
5 Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
6 Fachbereich Informatik - Oldenburg
7 O.I.E. - Centre Observation, Impacts, Énergie

Because of the cloud-induced variability of the solar resource, the growing contributions of photovoltaic plants to the overall power generation challenges the stability of electricity grids. To avoid blackouts, administrations started to define maximum negative ramp rates. Storages can be used to reduce the occurring ramps. Their required capacity, durability, and costs can be optimized by nowcasting systems. Nowcasting systems use the input of upward-facing cameras to predict future irradiances. Previously, many nowcasting systems were developed and validated. However, these validations did not consider aggregation effects, which are present in industrial-sized power plants. In this paper, we present the validation of nowcasted global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and direct normal irradiance maps derived from an example system consisting of 4 all-sky cameras (“WobaS-4cam”). The WobaS-4cam system is operational at 2 solar energy research centers and at a commercial 50-MW solar power plant. Besides its validation on 30 days, the working principle is briefly explained. The forecasting deviations are investigated with a focus on temporal and spatial aggregation effects. The validation found that spatial and temporal aggregations significantly improve forecast accuracies: Spatial aggregation reduces the relative root mean square error (GHI) from 30.9% (considering field sizes of 25 m2) to 23.5% (considering a field size of 4 km2) on a day with variable conditions for 1 minute averages and a lead time of 15 minutes. Over 30 days of validation, a relative root mean square error (GHI) of 20.4% for the next 15 minutes is observed at pixel basis (25 m2). Although the deviations of nowcasting systems strongly depend on the validation period and the specific weather conditions, the WobaS-4cam system is considered to be at least state of the art.

Mots clés: All-sky imager; Photovoltaic; Plant control; all‐sky imager; grid integration; nowcasting systems; solar nowcasting

Domaines: Sciences de l'ingénieur [physics]

Pascal Kuhn, Bijan Nouri, Stefan Wilbert, Christoph Prahl, Nora Kozonek, et al.. Validation of an all-sky imager-based nowcasting system for industrial PV plants. Progress in Photovoltaics, 2017, Online Version of Record published before inclusion in an issue. ⟨10.1002/pip.2968⟩. ⟨hal-01667733⟩