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. Parallèlement-au-développement-de-t-alyc, le rôle des équipements de contrôle actif des bâtiment à la lumière des politiques européennes d'efficacité énergétique a été étudié à l'aide du modèle Pan- European TIMES. Ce travail a été présenté en conférence scientifique : -Long-term assessment of energy efficiency solutions: Application to Active Control in the residential sector ? Sébastien Postic, pp.18-2013

. Bien-que-le-cas, Amérique du Sud s'appuie largement sur l'hydroélectricité et la biomasse pour sa production énergétique, et cette dépendance devrait encore augmenter Dans le même temps, ses secteurs agricole et minier consomment de grandes quantités d'eau, entrant potentiellement en conflit avec la génération électrique. Le changement climatique va, selon toute probabilité, empirer cette situation, en réduisant les débits annuels des cours d'eau, et en augmentant leur saisonnalité. Cependant l'ampleur de ces changements n'est pas connue à ce jour ; elle dépend de trajectoires globales d'émissions tout-à-fait incertaines, et d'une réponse du système climatique qui reste incomplètement modélisée. Dans ce contexte d'incertitude, il est d'une importance cruciale de comprendre quelles décisions permettent d'éviter les impasses. Dans le cas de l'hydroélectricité, on peut envisager trois types de parades aux changements à venir

. De-fait, Bien que cette thématique se soit prouvée complexe par le passé, elle continue d'attirer l'intérêt d'institutions nationales, mais aussi régionales comme la CEPAL (Commission Économique des Nations Unies pour l'Amérique Latine) ou la CAF (banque de développement sud-américaine) Un aperçu des coûts et bénéfices d'une intégration électrique et gazière, avec ou sans contrainte climatique, et basée sur le portefeuille de projets existants

U. Dernier-sujet-d, étude à court terme concerne l'insertion régionale dans les échanges énergétiques mondiaux Une première approximation, utilisée ici, consistait en un couplage statique des modèles T-ALyC et TIAM-FR (cf. chapitre 3). Cependant, un couplage dynamique permettrait une bien meilleure représentation des échanges sud-américains avec le reste du monde, et ouvrirait la voie à une meilleure compréhension de ces dynamiques d'échange, en particulier pour les exports colombiens (charbon, brésiliens, vénézuéliens (pétrole) et les imports argentins et chiliens