Aqueous electrolyte Fuel cell Li-ion batteries MnO2 Supercapacitors Lithium battery Microbatteries Negative electrode Sputtering CVD Electrochemical capacitor Fe Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Electrical conductivity Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Power performance FeWO 4 Thin films Graphite Lithium-ion batteries Magnetron sputtering Positive electrode Micro-supercapacitor Anode Impedance spectroscopy Graphene Titanium nitride Ionogels Interface Capacitance Physical and chemical processes Fermi contact Photovoltaics Electrochemical electrodes EIS Ionic liquid electrolytes DFT calculations Energy storage XPS Activated carbon Electrochemical capacitors Diazonium Binder SOFC Manganese dioxide Cycle performance Porous silicon Current collector Microstructure Transition metals Crystal structure LiFePO4 GGA+U Cations Electrochemistry Operando MAS NMR Chemical vapor deposition Cycling stability Lithium ion battery Li-ion battery Intercalation Perovskite Electrode Micro-supercapacitors Raman spectroscopy Lithium ion batteries Pseudocapacitance NMR Nickel oxide Electrolyte Coating Electrode material Failure mechanism Ionic conductivity Organic electrode materials Diazonium chemistry Cyclic voltammetry Electrochemical performance Ionic liquid Diazonium salts Batteries Anodes CO2 electrolysis Exsolution Plasma Microdevice Vanadium nitride Grafting FIB/SEM Electrolytes Degradation Organic batteries Silicon Lithium-ion battery Lithium batteries Supercapacitor Organic battery Electrodes DFT